Construction bolts and nuts have special standards, and in fact, it is not possible to install and use any bolt or nut in any project anywhere in the world, but when ordering or buying bolts and nuts in the markets of different countries of the world. You should pay attention to the standard of bolts and nuts. Especially the standards of construction bolts and nuts, which is very important today due to the use of these types of bolts and nuts in various structures.
Types of standards for construction bolts and nuts:
Today, in some specialized construction articles or reports of road and construction engineers, you may come across code numbers or expressions in this field that are incomprehensible or confusing to you. But in order to clarify this issue, we first examine two important standards together:
• ASTM
• DIN
These two titles are, in fact, two widely used standards that all kinds of construction screws are produced and supplied based on their standards. In fact, today other standards are used in the world of bolts and nuts (including BSI, IEC, ISO, ANSI and AFNOR standards), but the two mentioned standards are accepted not only in the Iranian market but also in many other countries of the world. and most of the bolts and nuts bought and sold for construction purposes are selected from the bolts and nuts produced by these standards. Even in this field, suitable washers are produced and used.
DIN standard:
The word DIN actually stands for “German Institute for Standards” (Deutsches Institut für Normung) and is a German and European standard. The DIN standard was first established in that country in 1917, and since then, the standards of this institution have been the focus of many countries for many reasons, including practicality and principles, as well as the use of them by German industries and many other European countries. is placed
Interestingly, in many cases the ISO standard is very close to the German DIN standard or is adapted from them.
Among the most important and widely used standards of construction screws in the DIN standard, the following two items can be mentioned:
• DIN 6914
• DIN 6916
The official website of this collection:
https://www.din.de/en
Standards for construction bolts
ASTM standard:
This bolt standard (abbreviation of American Society for Testing and Materials) is an American standard that applies not only to construction bolts but also to other industrial bolts and more.
The foundation of this standard dates back to 1898 and today the center of this standard is located in Pennsylvania, USA. At that time, a number of scientists, engineers and technicians headed by “Charles Benjamin Dudley” (Charles Benjamin Dudley) started to establish this institution to create a single standard for railway rails and other components. Today, ASTM has branches and offices in other cities and countries such as Washington DC, Canada, China, Belgium and Peru.
This organization has more than 30,000 members and more than 1150 organizations, companies or institutions are also members. Today, more than 140 countries around the world recognize the ASTM bolt and nut standard.
Another important point that you should pay attention to is that, as mentioned, this organization does not set standards for construction or industrial bolts, but many other things are also on the agenda of this organization. For this reason, it is better to familiarize yourself with the codes and abbreviations of ASTM standards – which are not few in number:
A: For materials and metal parts made of iron or steel (such as bolts and nuts)
B: For non-ferrous metal accessories and parts
C: concrete, ceramics and other materials used in construction
D: Miscellaneous materials
E: miscellaneous materials
F: Materials for special purposes
G: Rust, corrosion, destruction, erosion of materials and elements used
The first type, which has the letter A, is related to bolts and other such parts. If we want to set up a list of ASTM standards for bolts and nuts, it would be as follows:
• ASTM A183
• ASTM A193/A193M
• ASTM A194/A194M
• ASTM A307
• ASTM A320/A320M
• ASTM A325
• ASTM A354
• ASTM A394
• ASTM A437/A437M
• ASTM A449
• ASTM A453/A453M
• ASTM A490/A490M
• ASTM A540/A540M
• ASTM A761/A761M
• ASTM A962/A962M
• ASTM A1014/A1014M
• ASTM A1082/A1082M
• B746/B746M-02
• ASTM F432
• ASTM F3125
Of course, among the standards mentioned in this list, only a few of them are related to the standards of bolts and nuts of metal frame structures and buildings, which are:
• ASTM A325/A325M
• ASTM A490/A490M
• ASTM F3125
The mentioned items have many uses in construction today, so that even if you search for structural bolts in English, you will come across one of the terms A325 or A490.
Another important point is that construction screws produced in accordance with the above standards for structures, each one has specifications that actually make up the specifications of that screw, and even the strength and ability of that screw is determined to some extent in this way. to be
The website address of this organization is as follows, from which you can get more information:
http://www.astm.org
Standard construction screws
Comparison of construction screw standards:
Usually, among the screws produced according to A490 and A325 standards, the first type, i.e. A490, has a degree of hardness (or tensile) and greater resistance to heat, cold and pressure, and
